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Optical Fiber Cable and Products

Optical fiber is made by drawing glass or plastic to a desired length and diameter (slightly larger than a human hair).  It’s a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube. A technology that uses glass threads (fibers) to transmit data. 

A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. ... Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables.

There are two types of fiber optic cable commonly used: single mode and multimode.

Single Mode cable is a single stand (most applications use 2 fibers) of glass fiber with a diameter of 8.3 to 10 microns that has one mode of transmission.  Single Mode Fiber with a relatively narrow diameter, through which only one mode will propagate typically 1310 or 1550nm. Carries higher bandwidth than multimode fiber, but requires a light source with a narrow spectral width. Single-mode fiber gives you a higher transmission rate and up to 50 times more distance than multimode, but it also costs more. Single-mode fiber has a much smaller core than multimode.


Multi-Mode cable has a little bit bigger diameter, with a common diameters in the 50-to-100 micron range for the light carry component. Most applications in which Multi-mode fiber is used, 2 fibers are used (WDM is not normally used on multi-mode fiber).Multimode fiber gives you high bandwidth at high speeds (10 to 100MBS - Gigabit to 275m to 2km) over medium distances. Light waves are dispersed into numerous paths, as they travel through the cable's core typically 850 or 1300nm. Typical multimode fiber core diameters are 50, 62.5, and 100 micrometers.

Advantages of fiber optical cable:

                     
 Bandwidth: Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. The amount of information that can be transmitted per unit time of fiber over other transmission media is its most significant advantage. 

Low Power Loss: An optical fiber offers low power loss.  This allows for longer transmission distances.

Size - In comparison to copper, a fiber optic cable has nearly 4.5 times as much capacity as the wire cable has and a cross-sectional area that is 30 times less.

Flexibility - An optical fiber has greater tensile strength than copper or steel fibers of the same diameter.  It is flexible, bends easily and resists most corrosive elements that attack copper cable. 
  
Cost: The raw materials for glass are plentiful, unlike copper.  This means glass can be made more cheaply than copper.  

Disadvantages of Fiber Optical Cable:

Extrinsic Fiber Losses

These losses are specific to geometry and handling of the fibers and are not functions of the fiber material itself. There are three basic types:  bending losses, launching losses, connector losses. 

Bending Losses:
Bending losses are the result of distortion of the fiber from the ideal straight-line configuration. While the light is traveling inside the fiber, part of the wavefront on the outside of the bend must travel faster than the part of the smaller inner radius of the bend. 


Launching Losses:
 The term launching loss refers to an optical fiber not being able to propagate all the incoming light rays from an optical source. These occur during the process of coupling light into the fiber (e.g., losses at the interface stages).

Connector Losses:
 Connector losses are associated with the coupling of the output of one fiber with the input of another fiber, or couplings with detectors or other components.

Intrinsic Fiber Losses

 Intrinsic fiber losses are those associated with the fiber optic material itself, and the total loss is proportional to length L. Once inside the fiber, light is attenuated primarily because of absorption and scattering; therefore, these are the primary causes of the losses.

Absorption Losses:
Scattering Losses Despite the careful manufacturing techniques, most fibers are inhomogeneous that have disordered, amorphous structures. Power losses due to scattering are caused by such imperfections in the core material and irregularities between the junction and cladding.

Fiber Optic Products List


CPRI cable: Common Public Radio Interference (CPRI) available in 2 core and 4 core combinations can carry message or control signals at minimum loss. 

Fiber Optics Patch Cords: These patch cords are perfect for Testing environment use, industrial use and for lab purpose. There are various like FC, SC, ST, etc. but FC (Fixed Connectors) is more popular among all. It is fixed by the way of threaded barrel housing.

Fiber Optic Connector: It is a small pluggable type mainly used in Transceivers and easily plug-in and removes.

Fiber Optic Adapters: It is widely used in industries like Telecommunication, CATV, Broadband, Network, LAN and WAN, FTTP.

Fiber Optic Attenuator: It is a component installed in a fiber optic transmission system that reduces the power in the optical signal.

SFP Transceiver: The small form-factor pluggable transceiver is used in the field of Data Communication and Networking. 

Media Converter: These are unmanaged standalone operations types that interface copper to fiber, fiber to fiber, multimode to multimode, single mode to multimode. 

Fiber Optic Splitter: This is a passive device and its purpose is to split light in different directions or parts in a certain proportion
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FTTH: The FTTH (Fiber To The Home) networks includes LC series connectors and patch cords, Fiber optics termination box.

Field Network Testing: It is a highly used grade component for reliability, precision, accuracy and performance. It has large highly visible LCD backlighting for easy viewing and battery saving feature also.

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